Retirement is the point at which a person ends employment completely (or decides to leave the labor force if he or she is unemployed). A person may also be semi-retired, which indicates they have reduced their work hours.
Many people choose to retire when they are eligible for private or public pension benefits, although some are forced to retire when physical conditions don’t allow the person to work any more (by illness or accident) or as a result of legislation concerning their position.
In most countries, the idea of retirement is of recent origin, being introduced during the 19th and 20th centuries. Previously, low life expectancy and the absence of pension arrangements meant that most workers continued to work until death.
Most developed countries have systems to provide pensions on retirement in old age, which may be sponsored by employers and/or the state. In many poorer countries, support for the old is still mainly provided through the family.
Today, retirement with a pension is considered a right of the worker in many societies, and hard ideological, social, cultural and political battles have been fought over whether this is a right. In the United States, however, due to the recent recessions, many Baby Boomers anticipate that they will end up retiring without the benefit of any sort of pension other than their US Government sanctioned Social Security payment, which is technically not a pension.
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